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They are expensive and heavy, have a limited storage capacity and a limited lifespan. Work is progressing on alternatives including lithium ion batteries which have distinct advantages, but cost is still a factor. Other energy storage methods may come into use in the future. These are ultracapacitors or a spinning flywheel in which kinetic energy is stored.
The main components in an electric car are the batteries, a DC controller and a DC motor. In principle, the DC controller draws power from the battery pack and passes it to the DC motor. Power is passed from the batteries through the controller to the motor through heavy cables.
In an electric car, the pedal is attached to two potentiometers which convey a signal to the controller as to the quantum of power to be drawn. The signal is transferred to the controller through a cable, much like the accelerator cable in a gas powered car. The electric car has two potentiometers and the controller works when the signal sent from both potentiometers are equal. When the pedal is released no power is conveyed.
The output shaft of the motor is much like a drive shaft of a conventional car. From the motor output shaft the power is transmitted to the driving wheels in much a similar fashion of a gasoline car.
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